Re: New door bundle, Ambroshia RPG
By: Marisag to All on Wed Feb 20 2019 03:28 pm

This is a great RPG door that I have bundled in the requirements to run it under 64bit Ubuntu Linux (might work on other Debian-based distros) Includes full scfg config settings to add it to your BBS.

you have lvl 98 for access req for admin
sysop is not lvl 98.

you can just put the word sysop in that field or use the correct access lvl.

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Re: New door bundle, Ambroshia RPG
By: MRO to Marisag on Wed Feb 20 2019 21:29:55

you can just put the word sysop in that field or use the correct access lvl.

DM said any level over 90 would work. I will change that for next version i push...

Thanks for the suggestion...

Marisa
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Re: New door bundle, Ambroshia RPG
By: Marisag to MRO on Wed Feb 20 2019 10:25 pm

you can just put the word sysop in that field or use the correct
access lvl.

DM said any level over 90 would work. I will change that for next version i push...

Thanks for the suggestion...

The word sysop is also a valid ARS string that means access for sysops.

Nightfox

This is a great RPG door that I have bundled in the requirements to run it under 64bit Ubuntu Linux (might work on other Debian-based distros) Includes full scfg config settings to add it to your BBS.

Get it here: https://sourceforge.net/projects/ambroshia-linux-bundle/

If you have any questions just ask...

I am getting a No such file or directory error, even when I go to the ambroshia directory in bash and type ./ambroshia. I have checked and the file is executable, is owned by the correct user, and shows up with an ls -l command.

I am running debian 64bit. Something else odd is that your directions include installing a deb package (included) that is 32-bit. Since it depends on at least one other 32-bit package, and I am running 64-bit, the dependency will never be met (unless ubuntu allows strange things like that, or keeps 32-bit packages in its 63-bit respositories).

It is too bad because it looks like a neat game.

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Re: Re: New door bundle, Ambroshia RPG
By: Dumas Walker to Marisag on Sat Mar 09 2019 15:40:15

Im running 64bit ubuntu, and it works ok. You just need to install the 32bit library it says. You can have both 32bit & 64bit at the same time...

Marisa
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Im running 64bit ubuntu, and it works ok. You just need to install the 32bit library it says. You can have both 32bit & 64bit at the same time...

The 32-bit library included has another 32-bit dependency (which, I have
not checked, but it likely has ones of its own). Debian does not
keep 32-bit packages in the 64-bit respositories. I am not certain how to point it to the 32-bit respository and am a little leary to do so since it could mess the system up.

Any tips on that?

Also, how would adding the 32-bit library make the system "see" the
executable? Like I said, I can go into that directory in bash, type in ./ambroshia and I still get the "not found" error even though it is there
and has the executable bit set.

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Re: Re: New door bundle, Ambr
By: Dumas Walker to MARISAG on Sun Mar 10 2019 10:01:00

not checked, but it likely has ones of its own). Debian does not
keep 32-bit packages in the 64-bit respositories. I am not certain how to point it to the 32-bit respository and am a little leary to do so since it could mess the system up.

I can't say about that as I only have Ubuntu on my servers and desktop.

Also, how would adding the 32-bit library make the system "see" the executable? Like I said, I can go into that directory in bash, type in ./ambroshia and I still get the "not found" error even though it is there and has the executable bit set.

If there is a missing .so file the app will refuse to run and not be executable. The shell may report that as a file not found.

Marisa
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not checked, but it likely has ones of its own). Debian does not
keep 32-bit packages in the 64-bit respositories. I am not certain how to >> point it to the 32-bit respository and am a little leary to do so since it >> could mess the system up.

I can't say about that as I only have Ubuntu on my servers and desktop.

OK, so how does Ubuntu handle it? :)

I am going to try to download the second package it is asking for, and try installing it manually first. I suspect it is going to ask for more 32-bit packages that are not here, though.

If there is a missing .so file the app will refuse to run and not be executable. The shell may report that as a file not found.

Good to know!

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Re: Re: New door bundle, Ambr
By: Dumas Walker to MARISAG on Mon Mar 11 2019 18:25:00

I can't say about that as I only have Ubuntu on my servers and desktop.

OK, so how does Ubuntu handle it? :)

It lets you have both the standard 64bit and :i386 versions of each .so file so you can run 32bit apps directly...

Marisa
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Re: Re: New door bundle, Ambr
By: Dumas Walker to MARISAG on Mon Mar 11 2019 18:25:00

I can't say about that as I only have Ubuntu on my servers and desktop.

OK, so how does Ubuntu handle it? :)

It lets you have both the standard 64bit and :i386 versions of each .so file so you can run 32bit apps directly...

Ubuntu is debian based, so apt/dpkg should be complaining when you try that:

dpkg: error processing archive /sbbs/xtrn2/ambroshia/gcc-6-base_6.3.0-18+deb9u1_i386.deb (--unpack):
package architecture (i386) does not match system (amd64)

gcc-6-base is one of the MANY 32-bit packages that the one you package with ambroshia, libstdc++2.10-glibc2.2_2.95.4-24_i386.deb, is going to ask for.

At least some of them are also packages which have 64-bit versions of the 32-bit libraries, but the way you have ported this code, it is not asking for those but the actual 32-bit ones.

An example -- your included libstdc++ package requires:

libc6:i386 (>= 2.3.4-1)

When there is a perfectly good libc6-i386 package out there for 64-bit systems. Note the subtle difference of the '-' there in the package name.

You really should not be mixing your architectures like this. I am not sure what trouble that can cause, but I cannot imagine that it does not, especially when some of these dependencies it is asking for would require OVERWRITING the 64-bit versions in order to be installed (if apt would even let you do that).

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Re: Re: New door bundle, Ambr
By: Dumas Walker to Marisag on Sat Mar 23 2019 15:12:01

You really should not be mixing your architectures like this. I am not sure what trouble that can cause, but I cannot imagine
that it does not, especially when some of these dependencies it is asking for would require OVERWRITING the 64-bit versions in
order to be installed (if apt would even let you do that).

i'm pretty sure this has been sussed since it was 3 months ago but one word... multiarch... it allows both 32bit and 64bit apps to run and keeps the libs separate to that each can load what they need...

some 64bit folks don't like running multiarch and prefer to stay pure 64bit but then you get some folks that just want their desired programs to work no matter if they are 32bit or 64bit...


)/\(aldo

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Re: Re: New door bundle, Ambr
By: wkitty42 to Dumas Walker on Mon Jul 08 2019 13:38:25

i'm pretty sure this has been sussed since it was 3 months ago but one word... multiarch... it allows both 32bit and 64bit apps to run and keeps the libs separate to that each can load what they need...

There is nothing stopping you from running 32bit apps on a 64bit linux. For example on Ubuntu you can have both 32bit & 64bit versions of the libraries. I depend on that in a lot of my doors...

Marisa
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Re: Re: New door bundle, Ambr
By: Marisag to wkitty42 on Mon Jul 08 2019 01:04 pm

There is nothing stopping you from running 32bit apps on a 64bit linux. For example on Ubuntu you can have both 32bit & 64bit versions of the libraries. I depend on that in a lot of my doors...

Recently I heard Ubuntu wanted to drop all 32-bit support going forward. Now it sounds like Ubuntu has decided to keep supporting selected 32-bit libraries.

https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2019/06/ubuntu-is-dropping-all-32-bit-support-going -forward
https://itsfoss.com/ubuntu-19-10-drops-32-bit-support/

Nightfox

Re: Re: New door bundle, Ambr
By: Nightfox to Marisag on Mon Jul 08 2019 10:05 pm

Re: Re: New door bundle, Ambr
By: Marisag to wkitty42 on Mon Jul 08 2019 01:04 pm

There is nothing stopping you from running 32bit apps on a 64bit linux. For example on Ubuntu you can have both 32bit & 64bit versions of the libraries. I depend on that in a lot of my doors...

Recently I heard Ubuntu wanted to drop all 32-bit support going forward.
Now it sounds like Ubuntu has decided to keep supporting selected 32-bit libraries.

that's gonna suck because my irc services are 32bit.

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Re: Re: New door bundle, Ambr
By: Marisag to wkitty42 on Mon Jul 08 2019 13:04:11

i'm pretty sure this has been sussed since it was 3 months ago but one
word... multiarch... it allows both 32bit and 64bit apps to run and keeps
the libs separate to that each can load what they need...

There is nothing stopping you from running 32bit apps on a 64bit linux.

correct... that's what i was pointing out and providing the keyword for ;)

For example on Ubuntu you can have both 32bit & 64bit versions of the libraries. I depend on that in a lot of my doors...

same here :)


)/\(aldo

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Re: Re: New door bundle, Ambr
By: MRO to Nightfox on Tue Jul 09 2019 03:53 pm

Recently I heard Ubuntu wanted to drop all 32-bit support going
forward. Now it sounds like Ubuntu has decided to keep supporting
selected 32-bit libraries.

that's gonna suck because my irc services are 32bit.

I can kinda understand the decision, but at the same time, I think it would be good to keep supporting 32-bit software. 64-bit Intel-compatible CPUs support it in the hardware, and I think it would make sense for OSes to continue supporting it in the software too. When hardware support for it dies, perhaps OSes can drop it at that point (and we would have to run emulators for it).

Nightfox

i'm pretty sure this has been sussed since it was 3 months ago but one word... >ultiarch... it allows both 32bit and 64bit apps to run and keeps the libs separ
te to that each can load what they need...

In the case of writing doors, if you are only writing/porting them for use
on your system is one thing. If you want others to be able to use them,
then the way that one is distributed will only work for a very limited
number of people.

Multiarch or not, I say you are better off installing a 64-bit library that
has 32-bit compatibility (which I think is what you are really describing)
than making any attempt at installing an actual 32-bit version that comes complete with a bunch of 32-bit dependencies that will overwrite any 64-bit versions you have installed (if you can figure out how to force apt to
install them).

---
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Re: Re: New door bundle, Ambr
By: Nightfox to MRO on Tue Jul 09 2019 06:34 pm

that's gonna suck because my irc services are 32bit.

I can kinda understand the decision, but at the same time, I think it would be good to keep supporting 32-bit software. 64-bit Intel-compatible CPUs support it in the hardware, and I think it would make sense for OSes to continue supporting it in the software too. When hardware support for it dies, perhaps OSes can drop it at that point (and we would have to run emulators for it).

perhaps we can have the best of both worlds and have some type of wrapper for 16 bit apps.

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On 07-09-19 18:34, Nightfox wrote to MRO <=-

I can kinda understand the decision, but at the same time, I think it would be good to keep supporting 32-bit software. 64-bit
Intel-compatible CPUs support it in the hardware, and I think it would make sense for OSes to continue supporting it in the software too.
When hardware support for it dies, perhaps OSes can drop it at that
point (and we would have to run emulators for it).

I don't see hardware support for 32 bit dying anytime toon. Adterall, modern CPUs can still run 16 bit software, if running in real mode or virtual 8086 mode.


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Re: Re: New door bundle, Ambr
By: Vk3jed to Nightfox on Wed Jul 10 2019 04:57 pm

I don't see hardware support for 32 bit dying anytime toon. Adterall, modern CPUs can still run 16 bit software, if running in real mode or virtual 8086 mode.

I think only 32-bit processors have hardware support for running 16-bit software? 64-bit processors lack that feature and only go back as far as 32-bit software. If you want to run 16-bit software on a 64-bit processor these days, you'll need to use an emulator of some kind.

Nightfox

Re: Re: New door bundle, Ambr
By: Nightfox to Vk3jed on Wed Jul 10 2019 09:36 am

Re: Re: New door bundle, Ambr
By: Vk3jed to Nightfox on Wed Jul 10 2019 04:57 pm

I don't see hardware support for 32 bit dying anytime toon. Adterall, modern CPUs can still run 16 bit software, if running in real mode or virtual 8086 mode.

I think only 32-bit processors have hardware support for running 16-bit software? 64-bit processors lack that feature and only go back as far as 32-bit software. If you want to run 16-bit software on a 64-bit processor these days, you'll need to use an emulator of some kind.

"real mode" is the true 8086 16-bit compatible mode (capable of running PC/MS-DOS) of all x86 CPUs. Processors supporting x86-64 (64-bit x86) still power on in real mode for full backward compatibility, as x86 processors have done since the 80286.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86-64

digital man

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Re: Re: New door bundle, Ambr
By: Digital Man to Nightfox on Wed Jul 10 2019 12:45 pm

I think only 32-bit processors have hardware support for running
16-bit software? 64-bit processors lack that feature and only go back
as far as 32-bit software. If you want to run 16-bit software on a
64-bit processor these days, you'll need to use an emulator of some
kind.

"real mode" is the true 8086 16-bit compatible mode (capable of running PC/MS-DOS) of all x86 CPUs. Processors supporting x86-64 (64-bit x86) still power on in real mode for full backward compatibility, as x86 processors have done since the 80286.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86-64

Interesting.. I've always heard that 64-bit x86 processors aren't able to run 16-bit DOS apps, hence the occasional question about DOS doors failing to run on BBSes running in 64-bit Windows. I knew 64-bit Windows doesn't have the 16-bit DOS subsystem, and I thought that was because a 64-bit processor lacks support for 16-bit software, but perhaps that's not true? Come to think of it, my BBS machine is running a 64-bit Linux, and is running a 32-it Windows in a VM, and the 32-bit Windows is able to run DOS doors even though the host processor is a 64-bit processor..

Nightfox

Re: Re: New door bundle, Ambr
By: Nightfox to Digital Man on Wed Jul 10 2019 05:22 pm

Re: Re: New door bundle, Ambr
By: Digital Man to Nightfox on Wed Jul 10 2019 12:45 pm

I think only 32-bit processors have hardware support for running
16-bit software? 64-bit processors lack that feature and only go back
as far as 32-bit software. If you want to run 16-bit software on a
64-bit processor these days, you'll need to use an emulator of some
kind.

"real mode" is the true 8086 16-bit compatible mode (capable of running PC/MS-DOS) of all x86 CPUs. Processors supporting x86-64 (64-bit x86) still power on in real mode for full backward compatibility, as x86 processors have done since the 80286. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86-64

Interesting.. I've always heard that 64-bit x86 processors aren't able to run 16-bit DOS apps, hence the occasional question about DOS doors failing to run on BBSes running in 64-bit Windows. I knew 64-bit Windows doesn't have the 16-bit DOS subsystem, and I thought that was because a 64-bit processor lacks support for 16-bit software, but perhaps that's not true?

If you booted the processer into "real mode", it certainly could run 16-bit software. But that's it. You can't run any 32-bit or 64-bit software in "real mode".

Come to think of it, my BBS machine is running a 64-bit Linux, and is running a 32-it Windows in a VM, and the 32-bit Windows is able to run DOS doors even though the host processor is a 64-bit processor..

Running DOS in emulator is different than running DOS in real mode. There's another x86 mode called virtual 86 mode:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_8086_mode

x64 processors running in 64-bit mode not support virtual 86 mode. That's the issue. So if you run an x64 processor in 32-bit (e.g. running a 32-bit version of Windows), v86 mode is available and NTVDM is supported and works fine.

digital man

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Re: Re: New door bundle, Ambr
By: Digital Man to Nightfox on Wed Jul 10 2019 06:13 pm

If you booted the processer into "real mode", it certainly could run 16-bit software. But that's it. You can't run any 32-bit or 64-bit software in "real mode".

Ah, I didn't know that. And it's been a long time since I read about the different x86 processor modes.

Running DOS in emulator is different than running DOS in real mode. There's another x86 mode called virtual 86 mode: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_8086_mode

x64 processors running in 64-bit mode not support virtual 86 mode. That's the issue. So if you run an x64 processor in 32-bit (e.g. running a 32-bit version of Windows), v86 mode is available and NTVDM is supported and works fine.

Ah, interesting.

I think it's interesting that Intel and AMD have supported things like this (at least in 32-bit mode) for as long as they have. Nobody really mentions these things when they talk about their latest processor anymore, but I suppose if they were to remove some of these legacy features, they'd have a smaller CPU die, which I suppose may (or may not) reduce power consumption & heat production a little bit.

Nightfox

On 07-10-19 09:36, Nightfox wrote to Vk3jed <=-

I think only 32-bit processors have hardware support for running 16-bit software? 64-bit processors lack that feature and only go back as far
as 32-bit software. If you want to run 16-bit software on a 64-bit processor these days, you'll need to use an emulator of some kind.

No, 64 bit processors that (AMD64) support all of the modes that the 32 bit ISA supports, in addition to the 64 bit modes. That's why you can run 16 bit apps under 32 bit Windows on a 64 bit processor, just like you can on a 32 bit processor. It's only when in 64 bit mode that 16 bit apps aren't supported (without some sort of VM or emulation).


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Re: Re: New door bundle, Ambr
By: Nightfox to Digital Man on Wed Jul 10 2019 05:22 pm

Interesting.. I've always heard that 64-bit x86 processors aren't able to run 16-bit DOS apps, hence the occasional question about DOS doors failing to run on BBSes running in 64-bit Windows.

it's not the processor, it's the OS. 64 bit Windows OSes don't have the DOSVDM subsystem that allows 32-bit Windows to run 16-bit apps.

---
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Re: Re: New door bundle, Ambr
By: Nightfox to Digital Man on Wed Jul 10 2019 08:25 pm

Re: Re: New door bundle, Ambr
By: Digital Man to Nightfox on Wed Jul 10 2019 06:13 pm

If you booted the processer into "real mode", it certainly could run 16-bit software. But that's it. You can't run any 32-bit or 64-bit software in "real mode".

Ah, I didn't know that. And it's been a long time since I read about the different x86 processor modes.

Running DOS in emulator is different than running DOS in real mode. There's another x86 mode called virtual 86 mode: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_8086_mode

x64 processors running in 64-bit mode not support virtual 86 mode. That's the issue. So if you run an x64 processor in 32-bit (e.g. running a 32-bit version of Windows), v86 mode is available and NTVDM is supported and works fine.

Ah, interesting.

I think it's interesting that Intel and AMD have supported things like this (at least in 32-bit mode) for as long as they have.

Without, it'd be hard(er) to boostrap all the OSes and tools that use PC hardware. Eventually, I imagine everything will be UEFI and nothing will really need an x86 "real mode", but I think that day is a ways off still.

Nobody really mentions
these things when they talk about their latest processor anymore, but I suppose if they were to remove some of these legacy features, they'd have a smaller CPU die, which I suppose may (or may not) reduce power consumption & heat production a little bit.

So little, it's like nothing/free to include it. All the other enhancements and caches, etc. that have been added to x86 CPUs over the years dwarf the little "real mode" x86 instructions/mode buried in there. No harm leaving it there for those few that do need it.

digital man

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Re: Re: New door bundle, Ambr
By: poindexter FORTRAN to Nightfox on Wed Jul 10 2019 08:49 pm

Re: Re: New door bundle, Ambr
By: Nightfox to Digital Man on Wed Jul 10 2019 05:22 pm

Interesting.. I've always heard that 64-bit x86 processors aren't able to run 16-bit DOS apps, hence the occasional question about DOS doors failing to run on BBSes running in 64-bit Windows.

it's not the processor, it's the OS. 64 bit Windows OSes don't have the DOSVDM subsystem that allows 32-bit Windows to run 16-bit apps.

Well, it's both. The Windows NTVDM uses x86 "virtual 86" mode to run its DOS subsystem and v86 mode doesn't exist in the 64-bit mode of x86-64 processors (so-called "long mode"). There's really nothing Microsoft could do and I imagine AMD and Intel thought it just wasn't worth the cost/risk to bother trying to support v86 mode in the 64-bit mode of x64 processors.

From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86-64:

Long mode

Long mode is the architecture's intended primary mode of operation; it is a combination of the processor's native 64-bit mode and a combined 32-bit and 16-bit compatibility mode. It is used by 64-bit operating systems. Under a 64-bit operating system, 64-bit programs run under 64-bit mode, and 32-bit and 16-bit protected mode applications (that do not need to use either real mode or virtual 8086 mode in order to execute at any time) run under compatibility mode. Real-mode programs and programs that use virtual 8086 mode at any time cannot be run in long mode unless those modes are emulated in software.
However, such programs may be started from an operating system running in long mode on processors supporting VT-x or AMD-V by creating a virtual processor running in the desired mode.

Legacy mode

Legacy mode is the mode used by 32-bit or 16-bit "protected mode" operating systems. In this mode, the processor acts like an older x86 processor, and only 16-bit and 32-bit code can be executed. Legacy mode allows for a maximum of 32 bit virtual addressing which limits the virtual address space to 4 GB. 64-bit programs cannot be run from legacy mode.

...

So it looks like special virtualization features could be used in certain X64 processors to create a "virtual processor" would could run in real mode or V86 mode - so maybe there is some hope for a future of NTVDM on 64-bit Windows (?).

digital man

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Re: Re: New door bundle, Ambr
By: Vk3jed to Nightfox on Thu Jul 11 2019 08:06 am

No, 64 bit processors that (AMD64) support all of the modes that the 32 bit ISA supports, in addition to the 64 bit modes. That's why you can run 16 bit apps under 32 bit Windows on a 64 bit processor, just like you can on a 32 bit processor. It's only when in 64 bit mode that 16 bit apps aren't supported (without some sort of VM or emulation).

Yeah, I'm not sure why I was thinking of it like I was. I knew you can run 16-bit DOS apps on a 32-bit OS on a 64-bit procesor. :)

Also, Digital Man shared an informative link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_8086_mode

Nightfox

Re: Re: New door bundle, Ambr
By: poindexter FORTRAN to Nightfox on Wed Jul 10 2019 08:49 pm

Interesting.. I've always heard that 64-bit x86 processors aren't
able to run 16-bit DOS apps, hence the occasional question about DOS
doors failing to run on BBSes running in 64-bit Windows.

it's not the processor, it's the OS. 64 bit Windows OSes don't have the DOSVDM subsystem that allows 32-bit Windows to run 16-bit apps.

Yeah, I'm not sure what I was thinking.. I've run 32-bit versions of Windows ona 64-bit processor before, for running DOS doors on my BBS..

Nightfox

Re: Re: New door bundle, Ambr
By: Digital Man to Nightfox on Wed Jul 10 2019 09:56 pm

Nobody really mentions
these things when they talk about their latest processor anymore, but
I suppose if they were to remove some of these legacy features, they'd
have a smaller CPU die, which I suppose may (or may not) reduce power
consumption & heat production a little bit.

So little, it's like nothing/free to include it. All the other enhancements and caches, etc. that have been added to x86 CPUs over the years dwarf the little "real mode" x86 instructions/mode buried in there. No harm leaving it there for those few that do need it.

Yeah, they've definitely added a lot of stuff over the years.

This past week, I've been seeing a lot of articles & videos with benchmarks for AMD's new 3rd-generation Ryzen processors (which were just released on July 7th). The benchmarks look pretty good, and the AMD Ryzen 9 3900X looks particularly impressive. I've been using Intel CPUs for the last 8 years (I had been using AMD for a longtime before that). Competition between Intel and AMD always seems to push them both to produce better processors.

Nightfox

On 07-10-19 17:22, Nightfox wrote to Digital Man <=-

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86-64

Interesting.. I've always heard that 64-bit x86 processors aren't able
to run 16-bit DOS apps, hence the occasional question about DOS doors failing to run on BBSes running in 64-bit Windows. I knew 64-bit

You're confusing 64 bit processors with 64 bit OSs. 64 bit processors can run anything from DOS to the latest 64 bit OSs designed to run on the Intel/AMD architecture. However, 64 bit OSs can't run 16 bit software without some assitance, because the processor doesn't support 16 bit real mode code, when in 64 bit "long mode".

However, booting a 32 bit OS on a 64 bit processor can run 16 bit apps, because the processor is running in the same 32 bit protected mode or virtual 808s mode, same as any processot since the 80386.

Windows doesn't have the 16-bit DOS subsystem, and I thought that was because a 64-bit processor lacks support for 16-bit software, but
perhaps that's not true? Come to think of it, my BBS machine is
running a 64-bit Linux, and is running a 32-it Windows in a VM, and the 32-bit Windows is able to run DOS doors even though the host processor
is a 64-bit processor..

It's to do with the different processor modes.

From Wikipedia:

Long mode
Main article: Long mode

Long mode is the architecture's intended primary mode of operation; it is a combination of the processor's native 64-bit mode and a combined 32-bit and 16-bit compatibility mode. It is used by 64-bit operating systems. Under a 64-bit operating system, 64-bit programs run under 64-bit mode, and 32-bit and 16-bit protected mode applications (that do not need to use either real mode or virtual 8086 mode in order to execute at any time) run under compatibility mode. Real-mode programs and programs that use virtual 8086 mode at any time cannot be run in long mode unless those modes are emulated in software.[11]:11 However, such programs may be started from an operating system running in long mode on processors supporting VT-x or AMD-V by creating a virtual processor running in the desired mode.

Since the basic instruction set is the same, there is almost no performance penalty for executing protected mode x86 code. This is unlike Intel's IA-64, where differences in the underlying instruction set mean that running 32-bit code must be done either in emulation of x86 (making the process slower) or with a dedicated x86 coprocessor. However, on the x86-64 platform, many x86 applications could benefit from a 64-bit recompile, due to the additional registers in 64-bit code and guaranteed SSE2-based FPU support, which a compiler can use for optimization. However, applications that regularly handle integers wider than 32 bits, such as cryptographic algorithms, will need a rewrite of the code handling the huge integers in order to take advantage of the 64-bit registers.

Legacy mode
Legacy mode is the mode used by 32-bit or 16-bit "protected mode" operating systems[28]. In this mode, the processor acts like an older x86 processor, and only 16-bit and 32-bit code can be executed. Legacy mode allows for a maximum of 32 bit virtual addressing which limits the virtual address space to 4 GB.[11](p14)(p24)(p118) 64-bit programs cannot be run from legacy mode.

from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86-64#Operating_modes

So yeah, it's the real mode DOS code that's the problem. Seems 16 bit protected mode instructions can be used when in long mode (64 bit).


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